an 2 aircraft

An 2 Aircraft - Antonov An-2 (Russian name: "Annushka" or "Annie"; "kukuruznik" - corn duster; USAF/DoD reporting name Type 22,

) was a Soviet twin-engine single-engine aircraft designed and manufactured by the Antonov Design Bureau from 1946.

An 2 Aircraft

Its exceptional resistance, high load capacity and ability to take off and land from low runways have given it a long life. The An-2 was produced until 2001 and remains in service with military and civilian operators around the world.

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An-2 aircraft is used as a light transport, a parachute-dropping aircraft, agricultural work and many other tasks that are suitable for this large flying biplane. Its slow flight and good short field performance make it suitable for short, unimproved fields, and some special variants are also made for cold weather and other extreme environments. The Guinness Book of Records says the An-2's 45-year production run is the longest of any aircraft - and also challenges the two decades of the lighter Polikarpov, dating back to the early 1920s. The Po-2 biplane was intended to replace it, but the An-2's own longest-running record was recently surpassed by the four-turboprop Lockheed C-130 Hercules military transport from 1954.

The Antonov An-2 was designed to meet the requirements of the Soviet Ministry of Forestry in 1947 for the lighter, mostly wooden Po-2, which was used in large numbers in agricultural and utility roles. Antonov designed a large single-bay biplane of metal construction with an enclosed cockpit and cockpit with room for twelve passengers. The first prototype, designated SKH-1 and powered by a Shvetsov ASH-21 radial engine, flew on August 31, 1947. The second prototype was equipped with a powerful Shvetsov ASH-62 engine, which made it possible to significantly increase the cargo load from 1300 units. to 2,140 kg (2,870

Soviet production was initially produced at State Factory 473 in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, where up to 5,000 units were produced by 1960. Further Soviet production (after 1965, mainly An-2M models) was at State Factory 464 in Dolgoprudny. , RSFSR. After 1960, however, most An-2s were built at WSK's Polish factory in Mielek, where more than 13,000 were produced before full production ended in 1991. Limited production continued through 2001 from parts stock, as well as spare parts and maintenance coverage. . Four aircraft were produced for Vietnam.

It is sometimes and incorrectly reported that there is production of An-2 aircraft in East Germany. While the An-2s were extensively overhauled in East Germany, no new aircraft were built there.

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An-2 was designed as a utility aircraft for use in forestry and agriculture. However, the basic airframe is highly adaptable and many variations have been developed. These include a hopper-equipped version for dust removal, a scientific version for atmospheric sampling, water bombers for fighting forest fires, flying ambulances, a hovercraft-equipped version, and a light fighter version for parachute drops.

The most popular variant is the 12-seater passenger plane An-2T. All versions (except the An-3) were powered by a Shvetsov ASH-62 750 kW (1,010 hp) nine-cylinder radial engine developed from the Wright R-1820.

A note from the pilot's manual states: "If the engine shuts down in instrument conditions or at night, the pilot should fully retract the control column and keep the wings level. The leading edge flaps will absorb about 64 km/h (40 mph) . and if the flying craft slows to a forward speed of about 40 km/h (25 mph), the aircraft will sink at approximately the speed of a parachute until the aircraft hits the ground."

An-2 does not have the speed specified in the user manual. The An-2 was said to be able to fly the aircraft under full control at a speed of 48 km/h (30 mph) (in contrast, the modern four-seat Cessna light aircraft has a stall speed of about 80 km/h (50 mph. .)) ). This slow stall speed allows the aircraft to fly astern (if the aircraft is pointed into the wind at, say, 56 km/h (35 mph) while under full control at 8.0 km/h (5 mph) reverses).

File:antonov 2 Cockpit.jpg

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the communist countries of Eastern Europe, most airlines in the region withdrew their An-2 aircraft from service, as some of these aircraft are now over 40 years old and their avgas production has declined.

Private operators still use aircraft because their stability, maneuverability and ability to fly slowly make them popular, for example, for parachuting.

In the early 1980s, Antonov experimented with the development of the An-2 aircraft, powered by a modern turboprop engine. The unit used was a 1,080 kilowatt (1,450 hp) engine, and aircraft equipped with this engine were fitted with a longer and thinner nose to accommodate it. For more information, see the Antonov An-3 article.

In 2013, Antonov announced that he had successfully flown for the first time a new version of the An-2, named An-2-100, equipped with a 3-bladed propeller and a 1500 shp Motor Sich MS-14 turboprop, but with kerosene works. from Avgas, which is no longer produced in CIS countries.

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And its unstable nature (pre-flight check alone takes 30 to 40 minutes) makes it obsolete for commercial service in Europe, the large number of aircraft available means that the price is low (under $30,000 for service). example.). This makes them ideal for the developing world, where their ability to carry large loads on short routes makes them an asset for airlines on a budget. Many former Aeroflot An-2 aircraft are operating as regional aircraft in Africa, Central and South America, Cuba and Southeast Asia.

North Korea has a number of aircraft. In combat, they can be used to parachute or transport special forces behind enemy lines for sabotage operations.

The An-2's power, appearance and flight characteristics, as well as its status as one of the largest single-engine production biplanes in the world meant that the demand for the An-2 increased in Western Europe and the United States of America, where collectors were highly valued. they gave classic aircraft, which makes it more popular at air shows. Many Western countries have banned commercial use of the An-2 because the aircraft is not certified by the relevant national aviation authorities. These restrictions vary from country to country, but all prevent the An-2 from being used for "commercial" purposes, with the exception of the United States, where An-2s were imported from 1993 until experimental certification.

In 2013, Antonov received an order to upgrade "hundreds" of An-2 aircraft in service in Azerbaijan, Cuba and Russia to the upgraded An-2-100 version.

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The Siberian Research Institute of Aviation (SIBNIA) tested a highly modified Antonov An-2 with carbon-like wing brackets and a carbon fiber wing structure. Sukhoi announced on 10 June 2015 that it was intended to show aerodynamic and structural changes to replace the An-2. One-2 entered service in 2014. Autoclaved carbon fiber composite materials - including wing panels, spars and ribs - are produced by the Novosibirsk Aviation Plant. Sukhoi said the design changes increased the speed of the An-2 by 50%, and tests also showed that the aircraft's minimum flight speed was "close to zero".

The An-2 was used by the military during the Korean War. In the 1960s, an An-2 attempting to infiltrate a South Vietnamese naval unit was shot down by an F-4 Phantom II under the control of an Air Intercept Controller on the USS Long Beach.

On January 12, 1968, a secret TACAN site (call sign: Lima Site 85/Phou Fa Thi) operated by the United States Air Force in Northern Laos to guide USAF fighter jets flying from Thailand to Vietnam was attacked by three North Vietnamese. they did 2s. Two An-2s opened fire on the outpost using machine guns and rockets, while a third An-2 flew overhead to observe the attack. An Air America Bell UH-1B, XW-PHF, which was transporting the aircraft to the site, chased down the two attacking aircraft. Using the American AK-47 crew (captain Ted Moore, Glen Wood kicker) managed to shoot down one of the An-2 aircraft, while the second aircraft was forced by combined ground and air fire and crashed into a mountain. The surviving Antonovs returned to their base - Gia Lam, which is located near Hanoi.

During the 1991 Croatian War of Independence, some old Antonov An-2 biplanes used for crop spraying were modified by the Croatian Air Force to drop improvised explosive devices and used on supply missions to the city of Vukovar and other besieged areas. . Croatia.

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The main advantage of An-2 aircraft is that they can take off and land on small or improvised airfields. It was also used to drop supplies by parachute on individual garrisons. At least one missile was shot down on 2 December 1991 over Vinkovci, in eastern Slavonia, by Serbian SAM missiles, said to be SA-6s.

After the shooting, the flight on the route to Serbia was stopped due to the presence of the SA-6 TV. Previously, radar-guided AA systems were avoided by keeping the aircraft's speed below 140 km/h.

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